Which hormone system uses second messengers to signal inside a cell?

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Multiple Choice

Which hormone system uses second messengers to signal inside a cell?

Explanation:
Nonsteroid hormones are water-soluble and bind to receptors on the cell surface. That binding activates intracellular signaling cascades via second messengers such as cyclic AMP, IP3/DAG, or calcium, producing rapid cellular responses without entering the cell. Calcitonin is an example of this type, signaling through a surface receptor to trigger these second messenger pathways. In contrast, steroid hormones cross the membrane and bind intracellular receptors that directly regulate gene transcription, not second messenger signaling. Exophthalmos isn’t a signaling mechanism. So the system that uses second messengers inside the cell is nonsteroid hormones.

Nonsteroid hormones are water-soluble and bind to receptors on the cell surface. That binding activates intracellular signaling cascades via second messengers such as cyclic AMP, IP3/DAG, or calcium, producing rapid cellular responses without entering the cell. Calcitonin is an example of this type, signaling through a surface receptor to trigger these second messenger pathways. In contrast, steroid hormones cross the membrane and bind intracellular receptors that directly regulate gene transcription, not second messenger signaling. Exophthalmos isn’t a signaling mechanism. So the system that uses second messengers inside the cell is nonsteroid hormones.

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